medium · Enhanced ACT reading
Micro-Passage: In the process of eutrophication, excessive nitrogen runoff into lakes stimulates rapid algal growth. As these algae die and sink, aerobic bacteria decompose the organic matter, consuming vast quantities of dissolved oxygen. This often results in hypoxia, a state where oxygen levels are too low to support fish populations.
Based on the passage, what is the specific role of aerobic bacteria in the development of hypoxia?
- They deplete the available oxygen supply as a result of breaking down dead organic material from algal blooms.
- They directly infect fish populations, causing them to require more oxygen than the lake's ecosystem can provide.
- They provide the nitrogen necessary for algae to begin the rapid growth phase that initiates the eutrophication cycle.
- They produce large amounts of dissolved oxygen as a byproduct of their interactions with the sinking organic matter.
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