hard · Enhanced ACT reading

We did not always love ruins. For most of history a fallen temple was simply a quarry, its cut stone too useful to waste on nostalgia; medieval builders raided the Colosseum for centuries without a pang. The taste for ruins as ruins—for the picturesque crack, the ivy-choked arch—is a modern invention, roughly the age of the pocket watch. It arrived, tellingly, alongside the machine. As the factory promised a future scrubbed of decay, the educated began to prize its opposite: the slow, the crumbling, the visibly mortal. A ruin let them feel time as texture rather than schedule. There is something a little dishonest in the pleasure, of course. We enjoy the ruin precisely because we are not the ones it ruined; the picturesque arch was somebody's roof. But dishonesty is not the same as worthlessness. The ruin-lover was rehearsing a truth the factory denied—that everything built is on loan—and he rehearsed it in the only theater available, which was the wreckage of someone else's certainty.

The author's use of the word "tellingly" primarily signals that the timing of the taste for ruins:

  1. Was a mere accident of history carrying no deeper significance.
  2. Reveals a meaningful reaction against the machine age's promise of progress.
  3. Proves that the earliest industrial machines were built out of ancient ruins.
  4. Confirms that the pocket watch caused people to begin admiring crumbling arches.

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