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From a social-science passage: "Economists once treated traffic as a fluid: pour in more cars, widen the channel, and flow improves. The metaphor was seductive because it was tractable—fluids obey equations. Yet drivers are not water molecules; they anticipate, hesitate, and route around what they expect others to do. When a new lane opens, some who had avoided the road return, and the freed capacity quietly refills. The fluid model is not wrong so much as it is innocent: it cannot imagine that the channel might widen the river."

The author uses the phrase "widen the river" primarily to:

  1. praise road-widening as a proven method for permanently increasing roadway capacity.
  2. capture how added capacity can induce the very demand it was meant to relieve.
  3. argue that traffic flow is governed by the same equations that govern fluids.
  4. suggest that drivers should be discouraged from returning to newly widened roads.

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