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A biologist grew identical algae cultures under a red lamp and under a blue lamp, keeping the measured light intensity equal, and found more growth under blue light. She concluded that algae grow best in blue light. A colleague noted that the blue lamp was newer and ran a few degrees warmer than the red lamp throughout the trial.

Which additional trial would best determine whether light color, rather than temperature, caused the difference in growth?

  1. Grow algae under green light using the older, cooler lamp
  2. Grow both cultures with each lamp held at the same temperature
  3. Repeat the blue-light trial using a denser starting culture
  4. Grow algae in complete darkness to establish a baseline growth rate

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