hard · Enhanced ACT science
A student tested how the distance a toy car travels after leaving a ramp depends on the ramp's release height, using ramps of two different surface materials (smooth and rough):
| Release height (cm) | Distance, smooth ramp (cm) | Distance, rough ramp (cm) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 10 | 40 | 22 |
| 20 | 80 | 38 |
| 30 | 118 | 50 |
| 40 | 158 | 60 |
Which conclusion is best supported by the data?
- Smooth-ramp distance is roughly proportional to height, but rough-ramp gains per added 10 cm steadily shrink
- Friction has no measurable effect on stopping distance, since both ramps show distance increasing with height
- The rough ramp always produces exactly half the distance of the smooth ramp at every height
- Beyond 40 cm, the rough-ramp distance would be expected to exceed the smooth-ramp distance
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