hard · Enhanced ACT science

A geologist studies a vertical cliff face showing, from bottom to top: sandstone (layer 1), shale (layer 2), limestone (layer 3), then a tilted contact above which lies horizontal basalt (layer 4). A vertical igneous dike cuts through layers 1, 2, and 3 but stops at the base of layer 4. A fault offsets layers 1 and 2 but NOT layer 3.

Which ordering of events, from earliest to latest, is fully consistent with these relationships?

  1. Deposit 1 and 2, fault them, deposit 3, intrude the dike, then deposit 4
  2. Intrude the dike, deposit 1, 2, and 3, fault them, then deposit 4
  3. Deposit 1, 2, and 3, intrude the dike, fault 1 and 2, then deposit 4
  4. Deposit 1 and 2, deposit 3, deposit 4, then fault and intrude the dike together

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