hard · Corporate Credit Analysis cca-core

An analyst is reconciling why a company with strong reported net income of $180M and reported leverage of 3.0x is nonetheless burning cash. Notes reveal: (a) days sales outstanding rose from 45 to 75 days on flat revenue of $1,200M; (b) the firm factored $100M of receivables with recourse near year-end, recording it as a sale that reduced reported debt; (c) capitalized interest of $40M was excluded from interest expense; (d) it switched from accelerated to straight-line depreciation, raising net income.

Which single adjustment most materially distorts the reported 3.0x leverage and should be reversed first?

  1. Reversing the $40M of capitalized interest, since excluding it from expense understates the true interest burden used in coverage ratios
  2. Adding back the $100M of recourse factoring to debt, since the recourse retains the credit risk and the 'sale' is economically secured borrowing
  3. Reversing the switch to straight-line depreciation, since that accounting change inflates net income and therefore understates apparent leverage
  4. Capitalizing the receivables growth caused by the rising DSO as a non-cash working-capital drag that analysts should add directly back to reported debt

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