medium · Debt Capital Markets

What is the primary reason an issuer would include a 'Make-Whole Call' provision instead of a standard 'Fixed-Price Call' in an investment-grade bond?

  1. It automatically adjusts the coupon of the bond upward if market interest rates rise.
  2. It provides the investor with the right to put the bond back to the issuer at a premium during a rate rally.
  3. It minimizes the negative convexity of the bond, allowing it to trade more like a bullet bond and reducing the initial coupon cost.
  4. It allows the issuer to redeem the bond at a discount if their credit rating improves.

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