medium · Debt Capital Markets pricing-yields-curve

What is the primary reason an issuer would include a 'Make-Whole Call' provision instead of a standard 'Fixed-Price Call' in an investment-grade bond?

  1. It automatically ratchets the bond's stated fixed coupon upward whenever prevailing market interest rates climb higher.
  2. It grants the investor the right to put the bond back to the issuer at a stated premium during an interest-rate rally.
  3. It minimizes the negative convexity of the bond, allowing it to trade more like a bullet bond and reducing the initial coupon cost.
  4. It allows the issuer to redeem the outstanding bond at a discount to par whenever its corporate credit rating subsequently improves further.

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