easy · FRM Part 1

In the risk decomposition formula σ^2_i = β^2_i σ^2_M + σ^2_ε, what does σ^2_ε represent?

  1. Idiosyncratic (unsystematic) variance
  2. The covariance between the asset and the market
  3. Systematic (market) variance
  4. The total standard deviation of the asset

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