hard · Investment Banking
A sponsor models a 1,000mm purchase-enterprise-value LBO with 5.0x EBITDA of senior debt and a 200mm seller's note (PIK, 8%). The base case assumes a 5-year hold and an exit at the entry multiple. The team finds that switching the seller's note from PIK to current-pay cash interest (same 8% coupon, same principal) -- with the cash funded by drawing on an otherwise-undrawn revolver at 6% -- leaves total exit enterprise value essentially unchanged but RAISES the sponsor's IRR.
Assuming ample revolver capacity and no covenant breach, what is the cleanest explanation?
- The PIK note accretes at 8%, so the seller's claim at exit balloons; cash-paying that coupon out of a cheaper 6% revolver shrinks the dollars owed to the seller faster than it grows the revolver balance, so net third-party debt at exit falls and sponsor equity rises
- Cash interest is tax-deductible whereas PIK accretion is not, so paying cash creates an incremental interest tax shield that lifts free cash flow and therefore the sponsor's exit equity value
- The revolver draw ranks senior to the seller's note, so the switch subordinates the seller and the sponsor books that recovery-rank improvement as added equity value at exit
- Removing PIK accretion lifts reported EBITDA, and at the unchanged entry exit multiple that higher EBITDA mechanically raises exit enterprise value and thus sponsor equity
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