Architecture in the early twentieth century underwent a radical transformation known as International Style, which prioritized function and volume over traditional ornament and mass. Proponents of this style, such as Le Corbusier, argued that a house should be a machine for living. This philosophy rejected the decorative excesses of the Victorian and Edwardian eras, which were seen as relics of an outdated social hierarchy. Instead, the International Style utilized modern materials like reinforced concrete, glass, and steel to create structures that were light, airy, and geometrically simple. The goal was to create a universal aesthetic that transcended national boundaries and provided efficient, healthy living spaces for a growing global population. However, this emphasis on universality often led to a lack of connection with local environments and traditions. Critics argued that the stark, repetitive nature of these buildings could be alienating and failed to account for the psychological needs of the inhabitants. Despite these criticisms, the movement redefined urban landscapes across the globe and established the foundation for contemporary architectural practice. The legacy of the style is seen today in the glass-and-steel skyscrapers that dominate modern city skylines.