medium · Market Microstructure
An ETF's intraday indicative value (iNAV) is calculated by the exchange using component prices with a 15-second delay. The true live basket NAV, computed by an HFT using direct feeds for all 50 components, shows the ETF is currently overvalued by 0.30% relative to its true basket value.
Which participants exploit this deviation and what mechanism closes the mispricing?
- Retail investors arbitrage it via limit orders; the mispricing closes when limit orders fill at the fair price.
- HFT firms and ETF authorized participants (APs) exploit it; APs can create or redeem shares to close persistent mispricings, while HFTs exploit the transient deviation by selling the overvalued ETF and buying the basket, closing the gap via arbitrage pressure.
- Only APs exploit it via redemption; creation cannot close an overvaluation.
- No participant can exploit it because Reg NMS prevents trading at prices that differ from the iNAV.
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