hard · National Real Estate Exam

A grantor deeds Blackacre 'to my daughter and her heirs, but if alcohol is ever sold on the premises, then to my church.' Years later the daughter operates a wine shop on the parcel.

In a jurisdiction that has abolished the Rule Against Perpetuities only as applied to charitable-to-charitable gifts (and otherwise enforces it), what is the most accurate characterization of the present state of title?

  1. The church automatically owns Blackacre, because the executory limitation in favor of the church vested the moment alcohol was sold on the premises.
  2. The daughter holds a fee simple absolute, because the executory interest violated the Rule Against Perpetuities and was struck, leaving the conditional language as mere unenforceable surplusage.
  3. The daughter holds a fee simple subject to a condition subsequent, and the grantor's heirs may elect to re-enter because the void gift to the church reverted the future interest to the grantor.
  4. The church holds a vested remainder that became possessory on the sale of alcohol, because charitable gifts are exempt from the Rule Against Perpetuities.

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