medium · Principles of Finance cost-of-capital-structure

A property-casualty insurer has a Loss Ratio of 72% and an Expense Ratio of 26%.

What is the insurer's Combined Ratio, and what does it indicate about their underwriting profitability?

  1. 98%; the company is losing money on its insurance operations.
  2. 72%; the expense ratio is ignored in profitability analysis.
  3. 98%; the company is making an underwriting profit.
  4. 100%; the company is at a break-even point in underwriting.

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