medium · Principles of Finance cost-of-capital-structure

Why is the market value of equity used instead of the book value of equity in the D/E ratio for beta re-levering?

  1. It would effectively make the firm's cost of equity equal its cost of debt.
  2. Because the interest tax shield is calculated using the market value of debt.
  3. Because market value is usually lower than book value for financially distressed firms.
  4. Because book value is based on historical costs and does not reflect current risk.

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