medium · Quantitative Finance prob-stats

An analyst models the movement of a stock between three regimes: 1 (Growth), 2 (Stagnation), and 3 (Crisis). Regime 3 is absorbing. The transition matrix for the transient regimes is Q = beginpmatrix 0.5 & 0.4 0.1 & 0.8 endpmatrix.

If the fundamental matrix is N = (I - Q)^-1, what is the interpretation of the sum of the entries in the first row of N?

  1. The expected total time spent in all transient states before absorption, given the process starts in regime 1.
  2. The long-run share of time the process spends within regime 1 before its first transition into crisis.
  3. The expected number of direct transitions observed between the Growth and Stagnation states before absorption occurs.
  4. The probability that the process eventually reaches the absorbing crisis regime 3, given that it starts out in regime 1.

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