hard · Volume Price Analysis validation

In Coulling's framework, why does this specific combination qualify as an anomaly rather than validation, and what does it most likely indicate?

1. It is validation, not an anomaly: a wide down bar closing near its low simply confirms aggressive, effective selling, and low volume there just reflects an efficient move
2. It is an anomaly because wide downward spread implies heavy selling effort, yet low volume contradicts that effort — signaling a lack of genuine supply and a likely move higher
3. It is an anomaly because low volume on any down bar always means that buyers are completely absent, which confirms the decline is about to accelerate sharply toward new lows
4. It is validation because low volume on a down bar shows sellers met no resistance whatsoever, proving that demand has already been completely and permanently exhausted at this current level

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