medium · Enhanced ACT english
A mathematician is writing about 'Game Theory' and its application to evolutionary biology. [1] In the 'Hawk-Dove' game, animals must choose between an aggressive strategy (hawk) and a submissive one (dove) when competing for a resource. [2] If everyone is a hawk, the cost of frequent injury outweighs the benefits of the resource; if everyone is a dove, a single hawk can easily dominate. [3] This leads to an 'evolutionary stable strategy' where a specific ratio of both behaviors persists in the population over time.
Which choice best introduces the paragraph?
- Aggressive behavior in animals often results from fierce rivalry over scarce food and open territory.
- Hawks and doves are two very different kinds of birds with quite unique hunting, nesting, and migratory behaviors.
- Game theory provides a framework for understanding how competing behaviors reach a stable balance in nature.
- Evolution is the gradual process by which diverse kinds of living organisms have developed from common ancestors.
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