medium · Debt Capital Markets credit-ratings-risk

In a 'Covenant-Lite' loan, the absence of financial maintenance covenants increases the importance of the 'Negative Pledge' and 'Lien' provisions.

Why is this the case?

  1. Because the provisions automatically convert the outstanding loan from a floating-rate basis to a fixed-rate one once bankruptcy is filed.
  2. Because they prevent the borrower from layering in new secured debt that could prime the existing lenders before a default is even triggered.
  3. Because they obligate the borrower to prepay and amortize the loan whenever the market value of the company's common equity drops below a set floor.
  4. Because they bar the company from appointing or replacing its chief executive officer without first obtaining the consent of the lender group.

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