easy · Debt Capital Markets primary-issuance-syndication

If a syndicate of banks executes a bond offering on a 'best-efforts' basis and investors only subscribe to 75% of the total requested amount, what is the most likely outcome for the issuer?

  1. The banks must purchase the remaining 25% of the bonds for their own inventories.
  2. The issuer receives 100% of the funds but must pay a higher management fee to the banks.
  3. The banks are required to increase the coupon until the remaining 25% is sold.
  4. The issuer receives only the proceeds from the 75% that was successfully placed.

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