easy · FRM Part 1

How does Expected Shortfall (ES) respond to 'fat tails' (positive excess kurtosis) compared to Value-at-Risk (VaR) at high confidence levels?

  1. ES increases more significantly than VaR as tails become fatter.
  2. Both measures decrease when kurtosis increases.
  3. VaR is a better measure of fat tails because it identifies the exact failure point.
  4. ES is unaffected by kurtosis because it only looks at the mean.

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