medium · FRM Part 1

The Fama-French High-Minus-Low (HML) factor is constructed to capture the 'Value Premium.'

How is this factor numerically calculated each period?

  1. The market return minus the risk-free rate.
  2. The dividend yield of value stocks minus the dividend yield of growth stocks.
  3. The average price of high-market-cap stocks minus the average price of low-market-cap stocks.
  4. The return of a portfolio of high book-to-market stocks minus the return of low book-to-market stocks.

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