medium · FRM Part 1

If the standard deviation of futures price changes (σ_F) is much larger than the standard deviation of spot price changes (σ_S), what is the likely impact on the minimum-variance hedge ratio?

  1. The hedge ratio will be less than the correlation (ρ).
  2. The hedge effectiveness will decrease.
  3. The hedge ratio will be greater than one.
  4. The optimal number of contracts will increase.

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