medium · FRM Part 1 Quantitative Analysis

How does the presence of multicollinearity among independent variables affect the properties of the OLS estimators?

  1. It inflates the standard errors of the coefficients but leaves them unbiased.
  2. It makes the OLS estimators fully inconsistent as sample size grows.
  3. It introduces a systematic, non-random bias into the slope coefficients.
  4. It prevents any calculation of the R^2 goodness-of-fit statistic for the fitted model.

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