hard · FRM Part 1 Quantitative Analysis

A regression of a hedge fund's returns on five factors shows a VIF of 12 for the 'Value' factor.

How would you interpret the standard error for this factor's coefficient?

  1. The standard error is inflated by a factor of approximately 3.46 compared to if it were uncorrelated with other factors.
  2. The coefficient estimate itself becomes statistically biased, with the size of the bias proportional to the VIF.
  3. The standard error for the Value factor's coefficient turns out to be exactly 12 times larger than it should be.
  4. The t-statistic reported for the Value factor's coefficient is 12 times smaller in absolute magnitude than it otherwise should be.

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