medium · FRM Part 1 Quantitative Analysis

An analyst suspects 'Heteroskedasticity' in a cross-sectional regression of corporate bond spreads.

Which of the following is a direct consequence of this condition?

  1. The OLS estimators are no longer linear functions.
  2. The OLS coefficients lose their unbiasedness property.
  3. The R^2 statistic will be systematically overestimated in every case.
  4. Conventional t-statistics and F-statistics are no longer valid.

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