hard · Frm Part 2 Credit Risk

A bank's internal model for Credit Value Adjustment (CVA) uses risk-neutral default probabilities bootstrapped from CDS spreads rather than historical default frequencies.

Why is this required by regulatory and accounting standards?

  1. Historical PDs are systematically higher than risk-neutral PDs, leading to over-capitalization.
  2. CVA is a market price for counterparty risk that must be hedgeable using market instruments; historical PDs do not include the market risk premium.
  3. Risk-neutral PDs are more stable and less prone to cyclical fluctuations than through-the-cycle PDs.
  4. Historical data is only allowed for the calculation of Potential Future Exposure (PFE), not CVA.

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