medium · FRM Part 2 Liquidity & Treasury Risk

An institutional fund manager calculates the liquidity-adjusted VaR (LVaR) for a large corporate bond position using the exogenous-spread approach. During a period of market stress, the bid-ask spread mean increases by 50% and its volatility doubles.

What is the impact on the liquidity 'uplift' over standard VaR?

  1. The uplift increases more than one-for-one due to the 'stress multiplier' k applied to the increased spread volatility.
  2. The uplift decreases because the portfolio's diversification benefit offsets the rising spreads across positions.
  3. The uplift only increases if the liquidation strategy is 'endogenous', meaning trade size alone moves the market's mid-price level.
  4. The uplift remains constant because standard VaR already accounts for the position's expected liquidation horizon and depth.

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