easy · FRM Part 2 Market Risk

An equity analyst notes that 'crashophobia' has dominated index option pricing since October 1987.

How does this sentiment manifest in the relative pricing of out-of-the-money (OTM) puts versus OTM calls?

  1. OTM puts trade at significantly higher implied volatilities than OTM calls.
  2. Both trade at the same implied volatility, reflecting the symmetric nature of risk.
  3. OTM calls trade at higher implied volatilities because investors are chasing 'lottery' payouts.
  4. Implied volatility is constant across all strikes, indicating a balanced view of future jumps.

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