medium · GMAT Verbal

Passage: Transnationalism describes a social phenomenon where migrants maintain active social, economic, and political ties in both their country of origin and their country of residence. This dual-orientation challenges traditional assimilationist models, which historically assumed that immigrants would eventually sever ties with their homelands and fully integrate into the culture of their host nation. Advances in telecommunications and affordable air travel have facilitated this reconfiguration of home, allowing individuals to participate in the daily life of distant communities in real-time. Economically, this is most visible through remittances—money sent by migrants to their families back home—which often constitute a significant portion of the home country's gross domestic product. Politically, transnationalism manifests through the emergence of "diaspora politics," where migrant groups lobby their host governments on behalf of their home nations or participate in homeland elections through absentee voting. While some critics argue that these dual loyalties prevent full social integration and undermine national unity, others view transnationalism as a form of cultural enrichment that fosters global interconnectedness. Ultimately, the rise of transnational networks suggests that the modern state is increasingly porous, and that belonging is no longer defined strictly by geographic borders. It can be inferred from the passage that the "assimilationist model" would most likely view remittances as:

1. An indicator that the migrant has not yet fully committed to their host country's economy.
2. A vital tool for fostering global interconnectedness in the modern era.
3. An inevitable result of advances in telecommunications and air travel.
4. A positive contribution to the gross domestic product of the migrant's country of origin.
5. The primary cause of the porous nature of the modern geographic state.

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