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A researcher concludes that a new pesticide is safe for bees because a trial showed no bee deaths in a greenhouse. Critics argue that in the wild, bees encounter multiple stressors that are not present in a greenhouse.

What is the nature of the critics' objection?

  1. The pesticide is unsafe not merely for bees but for every species of insect that might encounter it.
  2. The experimental setting fails to represent the real-world conditions to which the conclusion is applied.
  3. The greenhouse trial in fact recorded several bee deaths that the researcher then quietly concealed from view.
  4. The researcher's underlying experimental data were deliberately and intentionally falsified before publication.
  5. The researcher should simply have run the very same trial inside a physically larger greenhouse.

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