hard · GMAT Verbal

Consider the following argument: '**All employees who attended the mandatory safety workshop received a certificate.** **Marcus did not receive a certificate.** **Therefore, Marcus did not attend the workshop.**'

Which of the following arguments uses a logical structure most similar to the one above?

  1. All registered voters were sent a ballot. Sarah was not sent a ballot. Therefore, Sarah was not a registered voter.
  2. All birds lay eggs. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins, being birds themselves, must also lay eggs as well.
  3. Some doctors are surgeons. Dr. Smith is a doctor. Therefore, Dr. Smith is, in fact, also a surgeon now.
  4. If it rains, the ground gets wet. The ground is wet now. Therefore, it must have rained at some earlier point today.
  5. No employees skipped the mandatory safety workshop. Marcus is an employee. Therefore, Marcus definitely attended the workshop.

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