medium · GMAT Verbal
In the field of quantum biology, the phenomenon of coherence, where particles maintain a synchronized state, is hypothesized to facilitate near-instantaneous energy transfer in photosynthetic complexes. Standard chemical models previously attributed this efficiency to a 'random walk' of excitons, yet the speed of transfer observed in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex exceeds these classical predictions. However, maintaining coherence in a 'warm and wet' biological environment contradicts the decoherence expected at ambient temperatures. Recent simulations suggest that environmental noise may actually prevent the exciton from becoming trapped in local energy minima, thereby aiding rather than hindering the quantum process.
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
- A scientific problem is stated, a proposed chemical remedy is shown to fail, and the author urges further laboratory research.
- Two competing theories are laid out, and the author concludes that each holds equally well within its own particular context.
- A widely accepted conclusion is defended against its many critics by reaffirming the strength of the original supporting evidence given earlier.
- An established explanation is undercut by new observations, and a counterintuitive mechanism is advanced to resolve the resulting paradox.
- A scientific discovery is narrated in full detail, after which its potentially harmful consequences for existing technologies are then examined.
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