medium · GMAT Verbal

A study found that students who participated in a dedicated music program scored 10% higher on standardized mathematics tests than students who did not. Therefore, learning to play a musical instrument improves a student's mathematical ability.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

  1. Students in the music program and the control group had similar initial math scores before the study began.
  2. Many famous mathematicians in history were also accomplished musicians.
  3. The standardized mathematics tests used in the study were designed by a reputable educational organization.
  4. Music programs are far more expensive for schools to run than supplementary math tutoring is.
  5. Some students who did not participate in the music program also scored very high on the math tests.

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