medium · GMAT Verbal

Argument: A study found that individuals who consume at least two servings of blueberries per week perform better on cognitive memory tests than those who do not. Researchers concluded that the antioxidants in blueberries are responsible for enhancing neural pathways involved in memory.

Which of the following is an assumption required by the researchers' conclusion?

  1. The two groups contained the same proportion of subjects who took supplements known to improve cognitive function.
  2. Antioxidants are the only compounds in blueberries that could possibly affect brain health.
  3. Blueberries contain a higher concentration of antioxidants than any other fruit or vegetable.
  4. The memory-test difference is not entirely explained by pre-existing memory ability that also makes some people more likely to choose blueberries.
  5. Participants who ate blueberries were more likely to report enjoying outdoor activities unrelated to diet or memory.

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