medium · GMAT Verbal
Students who eat a full breakfast at a school's optional morning program score higher on midday tests than students who skip it. Administrators conclude the breakfast improves cognitive performance. But participation is voluntary, and families who enroll their children in the program tend to be those already most engaged in their children's education.
Which of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above?
- Eating breakfast has no effect on test scores.
- The higher scores of breakfast-eaters may be due to something other than the breakfast itself.
- Students who skip breakfast are less intelligent than those who eat it.
- Making the program mandatory would lower average test scores.
- Families most engaged in education always produce higher-scoring students.
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