medium · GRE Verbal
Researchers evaluating a flood-warning application observed that evacuation compliance rose among application users. They concluded that the application caused compliance. The observation is suggestive, but users had previously experienced more severe floods; until that possibility is separated from the intervention, the causal interpretation remains provisional. Which additional study would most strengthen the researchers’ causal interpretation?
- Document that policymakers regard the measured outcome as important.
- Compare the intervention with an unrelated program used in a demographically different population.
- Randomly offer the application within groups matched on prior flood experience.
- Repeat the same uncontrolled before-and-after comparison with a much larger collection of participant anecdotes gathered under unchanged conditions.
- Show that participants consider the intervention appealing and easy to understand.
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