hard · MCAT bio-biochem

A researcher studies a mitochondrial matrix dehydrogenase that oxidizes its substrate using NAD^+ as cofactor. The purified enzyme has a K_M of 20 μ M for substrate and is normally saturated. In a cell, a point mutation in an unrelated transporter collapses the NADH/NAD^+ ratio from its normal value of about 0.1 down to 10, while total substrate concentration is held constant well above K_M.

Treating NAD^+ as a co-substrate whose availability now limits turnover, what is the MOST likely effect on the reaction, and why?

  1. Forward flux falls sharply, because the rise in NADH both depletes free NAD^+ co-substrate and makes the reaction's mass-action ratio approach equilibrium, lowering the net driving force.
  2. Forward flux is unchanged, because the substrate remains far above K_M and substrate saturation alone fixes the catalytic rate of the dehydrogenase.
  3. Forward flux rises, because abundant NADH product feeds back to allosterically activate the dehydrogenase and accelerate substrate oxidation.
  4. Forward flux falls only because the high NADH competitively raises the apparent K_M for substrate, an effect fully reversible by adding more substrate.

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