medium · MCAT bio-biochem
A hiker is severely dehydrated. Their body releases Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Aldosterone to restore homeostasis.
Which of the following correctly distinguishes the mechanisms of these two hormones in the nephron?
- ADH increases Na^+ excretion; Aldosterone instead promotes water reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule segment.
- ADH increases water permeability in the collecting duct; Aldosterone promotes Na^+ reabsorption in the distal tubule.
- Both hormones act solely by increasing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the afferent arteriole.
- ADH causes vasodilation of the afferent arteriole; Aldosterone decreases the osmolarity of the renal medulla over time.
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