medium · MCAT chem-phys
For a polyprotic titration, why does the second pK_a usually occur at a higher pH than the first pK_a?
- The first proton removed is always part of a distinctly stronger, more covalent bond.
- The surrounding water becomes progressively more basic as base is added during the titration process.
- Removing a positively charged proton from an already negative ion is electrostatically unfavorable.
- The overall concentration of the parent acid simply decreases after the first proton has fully dissociated from it.
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