medium · MCAT chem-phys
An investigator is analyzing a ventricular pressure-volume loop.
If the area of the loop represents 'stroke work,' which of the following changes would most significantly increase this area?
- Decreasing the heart rate while maintaining constant stroke volume.
- Increasing both EDV and ESV by the same amount (e.g., 20 mL).
- Increasing end-diastolic volume while maintaining a constant end-systolic volume.
- Reducing the aortic pressure during the ejection phase.
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