easy · MCAT chem-phys

In the context of organic reaction mechanisms, which of the following best defines a nucleophile?

1. A species that donates a proton to a base in an aqueous solution.
2. An electron-rich species that donates a pair of electrons to form a bond.
3. A species that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond.
4. A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed.

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