hard · MCAT psych-soc
A sociologist studies why a neighborhood with high residential turnover and ethnic heterogeneity shows elevated crime rates even after controlling for the poverty of individual residents. She attributes the pattern to the community's diminished capacity for informal control rather than to the characteristics of the people living there.
Which theoretical claim does her interpretation most precisely invoke, and how does it differ from a strain-theory account of the same data?
- Social disorganization's loss of collective efficacy, locating the cause in weakened neighborhood ties rather than in blocked individual goals as strain theory does
- Differential association's transmission of deviant norms, locating the cause in peer learning rather than in structural opportunity as strain theory does
- Labeling theory's secondary deviance, locating the cause in stigmatizing reactions rather than in cultural goal-means gaps as strain theory does
- Routine activities' convergence of offenders and targets, locating the cause in guardianship rather than in anomie as strain theory does
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