hard · Poker Theory Foundations

At a 10 bb stack depth, why is the BTN's shoving range (44.8%) significantly wider than the BB's calling range (32.4%) in equilibrium?

1. The shover always has the range advantage in a heads-up game.
2. The BB is forced to fold all hands with less than 50% raw equity. (under this line) (under this line) (under this line)
3. The shover blocks the BB's calling range more effectively.
4. The shover captures the dead money uncontested, while the caller risks their entire stack with no fold equity.

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