hard · Quantitative Finance numerical

Consider the term Σ^-1μ. In a portfolio context, if asset j has a very high correlation with asset i, but a lower expected return, how does this correlation typically affect asset j's weight in the Σ^-1μ vector?

  1. Asset j is given a large positive weight, since correlation is treated as boosting overall diversification.
  2. Asset j receives a weight of exactly zero in the optimization because it is treated as fully redundant next to asset i.
  3. Asset j's resulting portfolio weight stays completely unaffected by its correlation to i; it depends only on j's own variance term.
  4. Asset j will likely have a negative weight (short position) as the optimizer uses it to hedge the risk of asset i.

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