medium · Volume Profile Analysis auction-market-theory

The A and B period TPO brackets on an ES Market Profile chart establish a range between 5,600 and 5,625. By the end of the G period, price has traded as high as 5,641 — 16 points above the top of that early range.

What Market Profile term describes this move, and what does it typically indicate about who is in control?

  1. Value Area expansion — the session POC steadily shifted upward, signaling broadly neutral two-sided sentiment
  2. An Initial Balance failure — the market is unable to hold the IB low and aggressive responsive sellers are now in control
  3. Upside range extension beyond the Initial Balance — initiative buyers are driving price into new territory above the IB high
  4. A responsive rally — buyers are simply reacting to a price they view as undervalued, sitting just below the prior day's value area

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