medium · Enhanced ACT reading

Micro-Passage: "Elena watched the storm from the porch, her fingers tracing the jagged grain of the railing. For years, she had equated the sound of thunder with the arrival of the supply trucks—a Pavlovian response born of isolation. Today, however, the rumble was followed only by the rhythmic dripping of the eaves. The valley remained empty, a green bowl of silence that seemed to mock her expectations."

It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that Elena's 'Pavlovian response' indicates:

  1. An advanced understanding of behavioral conditioning that she uses to manage her emotional reactions to the weather.
  2. A deep-seated psychological fear of thunder that she has struggled to overcome since her early childhood in the valley.
  3. A frustration with the local infrastructure that prevents supply trucks from reaching her home during inclement weather.
  4. A sensory association she developed due to the consistent timing of essential deliveries during past storms.

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