medium · Enhanced ACT reading

Honeybees communicate the location of food through a movement biologists call the waggle dance. A returning forager traces a figure-eight pattern on the comb, and the angle of its straight run relative to vertical encodes the direction of the food in relation to the sun, while the duration of the waggling indicates distance. Remarkably, bees adjust this angle over the course of the day to account for the sun's movement across the sky, even when they remain inside the dark hive and cannot see it. This suggests that the dance relies not merely on what a bee currently observes but on an internal sense of time the insect carries with it.

The author includes the detail that bees adjust the dance even inside the dark hive mainly to:

  1. explain how the figure-eight pattern is physically traced by a bee on the comb.
  2. support the claim that the bees use an internal sense of time, not just direct observation.
  3. prove that bees can actually see the sun's position through the walls of the darkened hive.
  4. show that the waggle dance communicates only distance and not direction to the other foraging bees.

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