medium · FRM Part 1 Financial Markets and Products

A refinery needs to buy crude oil in 6 months and hedges using futures.

If the market moves from contango to backwardation during this period, how does this change the basis?

  1. The basis (Spot - Futures) decreases as the futures price rises above the spot price.
  2. The basis (Spot - Futures) moves closer to zero but stays negative.
  3. The basis (Spot - Futures) increases from a negative value to a positive value.
  4. The basis remains constant because of the no-arbitrage principle.

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